Facilities required to conduct monitoring must perform what type of study?

The correct choice, which is a Short Term Storm Water Characterization Study, is specifically designed to assess the quality and quantity of stormwater discharges over a limited period. This type of study is essential for identifying potential pollution sources, understanding the variations in stormwater runoff, and evaluating the effectiveness of any controls implemented at the facility. During this study, samples are typically collected during rain events to capture real-time data on stormwater characteristics.

The emphasis on a short-term study is important because stormwater quality can vary significantly from storm to storm and even within different seasons. This variability means a facility can obtain critical insights into stormwater quality without the need for a long-term or extensive monitoring program, allowing for timely adjustments to BMPs (Best Management Practices).

In contrast, while a Long Term Water Quality Study would provide comprehensive data over an extended period, it may not be feasible or necessary for immediate compliance and operational adjustments in many industrial settings. Likewise, a Periodic Storm Water Analysis, though useful, might not provide the same level of in-depth characterization as a dedicated study focused on storm events. A Comprehensive Storm Water Management Plan, while essential for overall management practices, is broader in scope and not primarily focused on the short-term assessment required by monitoring facilities.