Which process involves capturing and managing rainwater to prevent runoff?

The process of stormwater harvesting focuses on capturing rainwater runoff from surfaces such as roofs, parking lots, and streets, and redirecting it to storage systems like tanks or cisterns. This practice not only helps to manage excess rainwater but also promotes the reuse of water for irrigation, landscaping, or non-potable uses. By effectively collecting and managing this water, stormwater harvesting mitigates flooding, decreases erosion, and reduces the amount of harmful pollutants entering water bodies.

While groundwater recharge involves replenishing aquifers through natural processes or artificial means, it is more about the infiltration of water into the ground rather than capturing surface runoff directly. Surface water extraction typically refers to the removal of water from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs for use, which does not address the capture and management of rainwater per se. Water table reduction relates to decreasing the level of groundwater, which is contrary to the goals of managing stormwater effectively.